Head teachers and principals

SOC 2020 code 2321

Head teachers and principals plan, organise, direct and co-ordinate the running of schools, colleges and other educational establishments.

Employees (UK)
63k
Median annual pay
£70,977
Exposure score ?
0.3/10 Minimal direct 0.3 · with tools 8.5
Wage exposure
£134m

Higher exposure than 17% of the 379 UK occupations we scored.

What this score means

Most of this role's work is still genuinely hard for AI to do. Physical presence, bodily skill, high-context judgment, direct human care - the things that don't translate to text.

If you're in this role, here's what to do now

You're not in the firing line today. But the frontier moves. Build enough AI fluency now that you can direct it for the parts of your work that could benefit. People in unexposed roles who understand AI become unusually valuable inside their organisations.

The tasks in this role, ranked by AI exposure

Below are the real tasks O*NET records for this occupation, sorted highest exposure first. "AI can do this" means a language model can already handle the task directly. "AI can help" means an LLM can assist but not replace. "Human work" means today's AI doesn't touch it. Importance is O*NET's 1–5 rating of how central each task is to the role.

1 of 32 tasks in this role are things an AI can already do today. Task list mapped via O*NET "Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary" (11-9032.00).

  1. Write articles, manuals, and other publications, and assist in the distribution of promotional literature about facilities and programs.

    AI can do thisimportance 3.3/5
  2. Counsel and provide guidance to students regarding personal, academic, vocational, or behavioral issues.

    Human workimportance 4.5/5
  3. Confer with parents and staff to discuss educational activities, policies, and student behavior or learning problems.

    Human workimportance 4.5/5
  4. Determine the scope of educational program offerings, and prepare drafts of course schedules and descriptions to estimate staffing and facility requirements.

    Human workimportance 4.4/5
  5. Observe teaching methods and examine learning materials to evaluate and standardize curricula and teaching techniques and to determine areas for improvement.

    Human workimportance 4.4/5
  6. Collaborate with teachers to develop and maintain curriculum standards, develop mission statements, and set performance goals and objectives.

    Human workimportance 4.3/5
  7. Enforce discipline and attendance rules.

    Human workimportance 4.3/5
  8. Recruit, hire, train, and evaluate primary and supplemental staff.

    Human workimportance 4.2/5
  9. Plan and lead professional development activities for teachers, administrators, and support staff.

    Human workimportance 4.2/5
  10. Direct and coordinate activities of teachers, administrators, and support staff at schools, public agencies, and institutions.

    Human workimportance 4.2/5
  11. Set educational standards and goals, and help establish policies and procedures to carry them out.

    Human workimportance 4.2/5
  12. Evaluate curricula, teaching methods, and programs to determine their effectiveness, efficiency, and use, and to ensure compliance with federal, state, and local regulations.

    Human workimportance 4.1/5
  13. Create school improvement plans, using student performance data.

    Human workimportance 4.0/5
  14. Determine allocations of funds for staff, supplies, materials, and equipment, and authorize purchases.

    Human workimportance 4.0/5
  15. Prepare and submit budget requests and recommendations, or grant proposals to solicit program funding.

    Human workimportance 4.0/5
  16. Establish, coordinate, and oversee particular programs across school districts, such as programs to evaluate student academic achievement.

    Human workimportance 3.9/5
  17. Plan and develop instructional methods and content for educational, vocational, or student activity programs.

    Human workimportance 3.9/5
  18. Mentor and support administrative staff members, such as superintendents and principals.

    Human workimportance 3.9/5
  19. Collect and analyze survey data, regulatory information, and data on demographic and employment trends to forecast enrollment patterns and curriculum change needs.

    Human workimportance 3.9/5
  20. Advocate for new schools to be built, or for existing facilities to be repaired or remodeled.

    Human workimportance 3.8/5
  21. Participate in special education-related activities, such as attending meetings and providing support to special educators throughout the district.

    Human workimportance 3.8/5
  22. Recommend personnel actions related to programs and services.

    Human workimportance 3.8/5
  23. Prepare, maintain, or oversee the preparation and maintenance of attendance, activity, planning, or personnel reports and records.

    Human workimportance 3.6/5
  24. Plan, coordinate, and oversee school logistics programs, such as bus and food services.

    Human workimportance 3.6/5
  25. Review and interpret government codes, and develop programs to ensure adherence to codes and facility safety, security, and maintenance.

    Human workimportance 3.6/5
  26. Develop partnerships with businesses, communities, and other organizations to help meet identified educational needs and to provide school-to-work programs.

    Human workimportance 3.5/5
  27. Teach classes or courses to students.

    Human workimportance 3.5/5
  28. Direct and coordinate school maintenance services and the use of school facilities.

    Human workimportance 3.5/5
  29. Review and approve new programs, or recommend modifications to existing programs, submitting program proposals for school board approval as necessary.

    Human workimportance 3.5/5
  30. Meet with federal, state, and local agencies to stay abreast of policies and to discuss improvements for education programs.

    Human workimportance 3.5/5
  31. Coordinate and direct extracurricular activities and programs, such as after-school events and athletic contests.

    Human workimportance 3.3/5
  32. Organize and direct committees of specialists, volunteers, and staff to provide technical and advisory assistance for programs.

    Human workimportance 3.3/5

Where a project with Alex usually starts for this role

This role's strict α score is low because its top tasks are judgment, not drafting. But those same tasks compress dramatically when AI is paired with the right context and tools. The three highest-stakes tasks below are usually where we start.

  1. Counsel and provide guidance to students regarding personal, academic, vocational, or behavioral issues.

    O*NET importance 4.5/5 · strict α=0 (judgment-heavy) but compresses with tools

  2. Confer with parents and staff to discuss educational activities, policies, and student behavior or learning problems.

    O*NET importance 4.5/5 · strict α=0 (judgment-heavy) but compresses with tools

  3. Determine the scope of educational program offerings, and prepare drafts of course schedules and descriptions to estimate staffing and facility requirements.

    O*NET importance 4.4/5 · strict α=0 (judgment-heavy) but compresses with tools

Every role has three or four wedges like these. Finding them takes an hour. Turning them into a workflow your team actually uses takes a few days. Talk to Alex about a project →

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Methodology

This role's exposure score comes from Eloundou et al's 2023 GPT task labels, aggregated by O*NET importance within each O*NET-SOC code, then bridged to UK SOC 2020 via ISCO-08 (ONS Vol 2 coding index) and US SOC 2010 (BLS crosswalk). Employment and median pay come from ONS ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional. ASHE covers employees only, so self-employed workers are not counted.

Methodology · Sources (PDF) · About · Built 23 April 2026

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