Taxation experts

SOC 2020 code 2423

Taxation experts advise on tax matters and assess tax liabilities.

Employees (UK)
30k
Median annual pay
£46,280
Exposure score ?
1.5/10 Minimal 9.8/10 Very high strict reading · with tools is 9.8/10 with-tools reading · strict is 1.5/10
Wage exposure
£208m £1.36bn

Higher exposure than 69% of the 379 UK occupations we scored.

Reading the score as:
What an LLM can do unaided. LLM plus workflow tools — closer to 2026.

What this score means

Most of this role's work is still genuinely hard for AI to do. Physical presence, bodily skill, high-context judgment, direct human care - the things that don't translate to text.

If you're in this role, here's what to do now

You're not in the firing line today. But the frontier moves. Build enough AI fluency now that you can direct it for the parts of your work that could benefit. People in unexposed roles who understand AI become unusually valuable inside their organisations.

Almost every routine task in this role is within reach of today's language models. Roles at this level are getting rebuilt - often not by disappearing, but by one person using AI to do three or five people's output.

If you're in this role, here's what to do now

You don't need to be afraid. You need to be the person doing the rebuilding. The operators who learn to direct AI at scale in this kind of work become hugely valuable. The ones who wait to be told what to do get told what to do - and that thing is often 'we don't need as many of you anymore.'

Where a project with Alex usually starts for this role

These are the highest-importance tasks a language model can already handle directly today. In a typical engagement the first wins come from building workflows around these, so they stop eating your team's time.

  1. Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.

    O*NET importance 4.6/5 · directly AI-automatable

  2. Prepare adjusting journal entries.

    O*NET importance 4.2/5 · directly AI-automatable

  3. Establish tables of accounts and assign entries to proper accounts.

    O*NET importance 4.1/5 · directly AI-automatable

These are the highest-importance tasks AI can already handle when paired with the right tools and context. In a typical engagement the first wins come from building workflows around these — usually the difference between an LLM that can technically do the job and one that actually does it inside your business.

  1. Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.

    O*NET importance 4.6/5 · AI can do this with workflow tools

  2. Report to management about asset utilization and audit results, and recommend changes in operations and financial activities.

    O*NET importance 4.5/5 · AI can do this with workflow tools

  3. Collect and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, extravagance, fraud, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies.

    O*NET importance 4.5/5 · AI can do this with workflow tools

Every role has three or four wedges like these. Finding them takes an hour. Turning them into a workflow your team actually uses takes a few days. Talk to Alex about a project →

The full task breakdown

Every O*NET task for this occupation, split by what AI can already do unaided versus what still needs a human. Importance is O*NET's 1–5 rating of how central each task is to the role.

What AI can already do

3 of 29 tasks · unaided

  1. Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.

    importance 4.6/5

  2. Prepare adjusting journal entries.

    importance 4.2/5

  3. Establish tables of accounts and assign entries to proper accounts.

    importance 4.1/5

Where humans still hold the line

26 of 29 tasks

  1. Report to management about asset utilization and audit results, and recommend changes in operations and financial activities.

    importance 4.5/5

  2. Collect and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, extravagance, fraud, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies.

    importance 4.5/5

  3. Inspect account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions.

    importance 4.5/5

  4. Supervise auditing of establishments, and determine scope of investigation required.

    importance 4.5/5

  5. Confer with company officials about financial and regulatory matters.

    importance 4.3/5

  6. Examine and evaluate financial and information systems, recommending controls to ensure system reliability and data integrity.

    importance 4.3/5

  7. Inspect cash on hand, notes receivable and payable, negotiable securities, and canceled checks to confirm records are accurate.

    importance 4.3/5

  8. Examine records and interview workers to ensure recording of transactions and compliance with laws and regulations.

    importance 4.2/5

  9. Prepare, examine, or analyze accounting records, financial statements, or other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards.

    importance 4.2/5

  10. Review accounts for discrepancies and reconcile differences.

    importance 4.2/5

  11. Review taxpayer accounts, and conduct audits on-site, by correspondence, or by summoning taxpayer to office.

    importance 4.2/5

  12. Examine inventory to verify journal and ledger entries.

    importance 4.1/5

  13. Compute taxes owed and prepare tax returns, ensuring compliance with payment, reporting, or other tax requirements.

    importance 4.1/5

  14. Advise clients in areas such as compensation, employee health care benefits, the design of accounting or data processing systems, or long-range tax or estate plans.

    importance 4.1/5

  15. Analyze business operations, trends, costs, revenues, financial commitments, and obligations to project future revenues and expenses or to provide advice.

    importance 4.0/5

  16. Report to management regarding the finances of establishment.

    importance 4.0/5

  17. Develop, implement, modify, and document recordkeeping and accounting systems, making use of current computer technology.

    importance 4.0/5

  18. Evaluate taxpayer finances to determine tax liability, using knowledge of interest and discount rates, annuities, valuation of stocks and bonds, and amortization valuation of depletable assets.

    importance 3.8/5

  19. Direct activities of personnel engaged in filing, recording, compiling, and transmitting financial records.

    importance 3.8/5

  20. Examine whether the organization's objectives are reflected in its management activities, and whether employees understand the objectives.

    importance 3.7/5

  21. Conduct pre-implementation audits to determine if systems and programs under development will work as planned.

    importance 3.7/5

  22. Audit payroll and personnel records to determine unemployment insurance premiums, workers' compensation coverage, liabilities, and compliance with tax laws.

    importance 3.5/5

  23. Develop, maintain, or analyze budgets, preparing periodic reports that compare budgeted costs to actual costs.

  24. Prepare, analyze, or verify annual reports, financial statements, and other records, using accepted accounting and statistical procedures to assess financial condition and facilitate financial planning.

  25. Process invoices for payment.

  26. Review data about material assets, net worth, liabilities, capital stock, surplus, income, or expenditures.

What AI can already do

29 of 29 tasks · with tools

  1. Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.

    importance 4.6/5

  2. Report to management about asset utilization and audit results, and recommend changes in operations and financial activities.

    importance 4.5/5

  3. Collect and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, extravagance, fraud, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies.

    importance 4.5/5

  4. Inspect account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions.

    importance 4.5/5

  5. Supervise auditing of establishments, and determine scope of investigation required.

    importance 4.5/5

  6. Confer with company officials about financial and regulatory matters.

    importance 4.3/5

  7. Examine and evaluate financial and information systems, recommending controls to ensure system reliability and data integrity.

    importance 4.3/5

  8. Inspect cash on hand, notes receivable and payable, negotiable securities, and canceled checks to confirm records are accurate.

    importance 4.3/5

  9. Examine records and interview workers to ensure recording of transactions and compliance with laws and regulations.

    importance 4.2/5

  10. Prepare, examine, or analyze accounting records, financial statements, or other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards.

    importance 4.2/5

  11. Prepare adjusting journal entries.

    importance 4.2/5

  12. Review accounts for discrepancies and reconcile differences.

    importance 4.2/5

  13. Review taxpayer accounts, and conduct audits on-site, by correspondence, or by summoning taxpayer to office.

    importance 4.2/5

  14. Establish tables of accounts and assign entries to proper accounts.

    importance 4.1/5

  15. Examine inventory to verify journal and ledger entries.

    importance 4.1/5

  16. Compute taxes owed and prepare tax returns, ensuring compliance with payment, reporting, or other tax requirements.

    importance 4.1/5

  17. Advise clients in areas such as compensation, employee health care benefits, the design of accounting or data processing systems, or long-range tax or estate plans.

    importance 4.1/5

  18. Analyze business operations, trends, costs, revenues, financial commitments, and obligations to project future revenues and expenses or to provide advice.

    importance 4.0/5

  19. Report to management regarding the finances of establishment.

    importance 4.0/5

  20. Develop, implement, modify, and document recordkeeping and accounting systems, making use of current computer technology.

    importance 4.0/5

  21. Evaluate taxpayer finances to determine tax liability, using knowledge of interest and discount rates, annuities, valuation of stocks and bonds, and amortization valuation of depletable assets.

    importance 3.8/5

  22. Direct activities of personnel engaged in filing, recording, compiling, and transmitting financial records.

    importance 3.8/5

  23. Examine whether the organization's objectives are reflected in its management activities, and whether employees understand the objectives.

    importance 3.7/5

  24. Conduct pre-implementation audits to determine if systems and programs under development will work as planned.

    importance 3.7/5

  25. Audit payroll and personnel records to determine unemployment insurance premiums, workers' compensation coverage, liabilities, and compliance with tax laws.

    importance 3.5/5

  26. Develop, maintain, or analyze budgets, preparing periodic reports that compare budgeted costs to actual costs.

  27. Prepare, analyze, or verify annual reports, financial statements, and other records, using accepted accounting and statistical procedures to assess financial condition and facilitate financial planning.

  28. Process invoices for payment.

  29. Review data about material assets, net worth, liabilities, capital stock, surplus, income, or expenditures.

Where humans still hold the line

0 of 29 tasks

When AI is paired with workflow tools, every task in this role is reachable. That doesn't mean the role disappears — it means almost all the routine surface area can be compressed.

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Methodology

This role's exposure score comes from Eloundou et al's 2023 GPT task labels, aggregated by O*NET importance within each O*NET-SOC code, then bridged to UK SOC 2020 via ISCO-08 (ONS Vol 2 coding index) and US SOC 2010 (BLS crosswalk). Employment and median pay come from ONS ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional. ASHE covers employees only, so self-employed workers are not counted.

Methodology · Sources (PDF) · About · Built 29 April 2026

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