Chefs

SOC 2020 code 5434

Chefs plan menus and prepare, or oversee the preparation of food in hotels, restaurants, clubs, private households and other establishments.

Employees (UK)
152k
Median annual pay
£26,531
Exposure score ?
1.4/10 Minimal direct 1.4 · with tools 6.2
Wage exposure
£565m

Higher exposure than 66% of the 379 UK occupations we scored.

What this score means

Most of this role's work is still genuinely hard for AI to do. Physical presence, bodily skill, high-context judgment, direct human care - the things that don't translate to text.

If you're in this role, here's what to do now

You're not in the firing line today. But the frontier moves. Build enough AI fluency now that you can direct it for the parts of your work that could benefit. People in unexposed roles who understand AI become unusually valuable inside their organisations.

The tasks in this role, ranked by AI exposure

Below are the real tasks O*NET records for this occupation, sorted highest exposure first. "AI can do this" means a language model can already handle the task directly. "AI can help" means an LLM can assist but not replace. "Human work" means today's AI doesn't touch it. Importance is O*NET's 1–5 rating of how central each task is to the role.

5 of 26 tasks in this role are things an AI can already do today. Task list mapped via O*NET "First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers" (35-1012.00).

  1. Record production, operational, and personnel data on specified forms.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.2/5
  2. Estimate ingredients and supplies required to prepare a recipe.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.2/5
  3. Assign duties, responsibilities, and work stations to employees in accordance with work requirements.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.1/5
  4. Perform various financial activities, such as cash handling, deposit preparation, and payroll.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.0/5
  5. Observe and evaluate workers and work procedures to ensure quality standards and service, and complete disciplinary write-ups.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.0/5
  6. Compile and balance cash receipts at the end of the day or shift.

    Human workimportance 4.5/5
  7. Forecast staff, equipment, and supply requirements, based on a master menu.

    Human workimportance 4.4/5
  8. Assess nutritional needs of patients, plan special menus, supervise the assembly of regular and special diet trays, and oversee the delivery of food trolleys to hospital patients.

    Human workimportance 4.3/5
  9. Resolve customer complaints regarding food service.

    Human workimportance 4.2/5
  10. Perform personnel actions, such as hiring and firing staff, providing employee orientation and training, and conducting supervisory activities, such as creating work schedules or organizing employee time sheets.

    Human workimportance 4.2/5
  11. Train workers in food preparation, and in service, sanitation, and safety procedures.

    Human workimportance 4.2/5
  12. Present bills and accept payments.

    Human workimportance 4.1/5
  13. Purchase or requisition supplies and equipment needed to ensure quality and timely delivery of services.

    Human workimportance 4.1/5
  14. Perform food preparation and serving duties, such as carving meat, preparing flambe dishes, or serving wine and liquor.

    Human workimportance 4.1/5
  15. Supervise and participate in kitchen and dining area cleaning activities.

    Human workimportance 4.0/5
  16. Recommend measures for improving work procedures and worker performance to increase service quality and enhance job safety.

    Human workimportance 4.0/5
  17. Specify food portions and courses, production and time sequences, and workstation and equipment arrangements.

    Human workimportance 4.0/5
  18. Control inventories of food, equipment, smallware, and liquor, and report shortages to designated personnel.

    Human workimportance 4.0/5
  19. Analyze operational problems, such as theft and wastage, and establish procedures to alleviate these problems.

    Human workimportance 3.9/5
  20. Schedule parties and take reservations.

    Human workimportance 3.9/5
  21. Develop departmental objectives, budgets, policies, procedures, and strategies.

    Human workimportance 3.8/5
  22. Conduct meetings and collaborate with other personnel for menu planning, serving arrangements, and related details.

    Human workimportance 3.7/5
  23. Develop equipment maintenance schedules and arrange for repairs.

    Human workimportance 3.7/5
  24. Inspect supplies, equipment, and work areas to ensure efficient service and conformance to standards.

    Human workimportance 3.7/5
  25. Greet and seat guests, and present menus and wine lists.

    Human workimportance 3.5/5
  26. Evaluate new products for usefulness and suitability.

    Human workimportance 3.4/5

Where a project with Alex usually starts for this role

These are the highest-importance tasks in this role that a language model can already handle directly. In a typical engagement the first wins come from building workflows around these, so they stop eating your team's time.

  1. Record production, operational, and personnel data on specified forms.

    O*NET importance 4.2/5 · labelled directly AI-automatable

  2. Estimate ingredients and supplies required to prepare a recipe.

    O*NET importance 4.2/5 · labelled directly AI-automatable

  3. Assign duties, responsibilities, and work stations to employees in accordance with work requirements.

    O*NET importance 4.1/5 · labelled directly AI-automatable

Every role has three or four wedges like these. Finding them takes an hour. Turning them into a workflow your team actually uses takes a few days. Talk to Alex about a project →

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Methodology

This role's exposure score comes from Eloundou et al's 2023 GPT task labels, aggregated by O*NET importance within each O*NET-SOC code, then bridged to UK SOC 2020 via ISCO-08 (ONS Vol 2 coding index) and US SOC 2010 (BLS crosswalk). Employment and median pay come from ONS ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional. ASHE covers employees only, so self-employed workers are not counted.

Methodology · Sources (PDF) · About · Built 23 April 2026

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