Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks

SOC 2020 code 4122

Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks maintain and balance records of financial transactions, oversee the operation of payroll functions and calculate hours worked, wages due and other relevant contributions and deductions.

Employees (UK)
272k
Median annual pay
£27,743
Exposure score ?
6.5/10 High direct 6.5 · with tools 9.3
Wage exposure
£4.90bn

Higher exposure than 98% of the 379 UK occupations we scored.

What this score means

Most of the routine task inventory in this role can already be done by a capable LLM. That doesn't mean the role disappears - it means the shape changes, and one person can credibly do the work of several.

If you're in this role, here's what to do now

Stop doing anything an LLM can do. Your edge is judgment, relationships, taste, and the parts of the work that require you to be in the room. The operators who notice this first and redesign their workflow around it will be paid for those things; the ones who cling to the old task list will compete against AI at AI's prices.

The tasks in this role, ranked by AI exposure

Below are the real tasks O*NET records for this occupation, sorted highest exposure first. "AI can do this" means a language model can already handle the task directly. "AI can help" means an LLM can assist but not replace. "Human work" means today's AI doesn't touch it. Importance is O*NET's 1–5 rating of how central each task is to the role.

20 of 28 tasks in this role are things an AI can already do today. Task list mapped via O*NET "Billing and Posting Clerks" (43-3021.00).

  1. Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.9/5
  2. Resolve discrepancies in accounting records.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.6/5
  3. Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.6/5
  4. Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.5/5
  5. Review documents, such as purchase orders, sales tickets, charge slips, or hospital records, to compute fees or charges due.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.5/5
  6. Post stop-payment notices to prevent payment of protested checks.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.4/5
  7. Keep records of invoices and support documents.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.4/5
  8. Perform bookkeeping work, including posting data or keeping other records concerning costs of goods or services or the shipment of goods.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.3/5
  9. Track accumulated hours and dollar amounts charged to each client job to calculate client fees for professional services, such as legal or accounting services.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.3/5
  10. Consult sources, such as rate books, manuals, or insurance company representatives, to determine specific charges or information such as rules, regulations, or government tax and tariff information.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.2/5
  11. Compare previously prepared bank statements with canceled checks and reconcile discrepancies.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.2/5
  12. Take orders for imprinted checks.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.1/5
  13. Encode and cancel checks, using bank machines.

    AI can do thisimportance 4.0/5
  14. Compute credit terms, discounts, shipment charges, or rates for goods or services to complete billing documents.

    AI can do thisimportance 3.9/5
  15. Update manuals when rates, rules, or regulations are amended.

    AI can do thisimportance 3.9/5
  16. Route statements for mailing or over-the-counter delivery to customers.

    AI can do thisimportance 3.9/5
  17. Answer inquiries regarding rates, routing, or procedures.

    AI can do this
  18. Compile reports of cost factors, such as labor, production, storage, and equipment.

    AI can do this
  19. Create billing documents, shipping labels, credit memorandums, or credit forms.

    AI can do this
  20. Return checks to customers or retrieve checks returned to customers in error, adjusting accounts and answering inquiries about errors as necessary.

    AI can do this
  21. Verify signatures and required information on checks.

    Human workimportance 4.4/5
  22. Contact customers to obtain or relay account information.

    Human workimportance 4.3/5
  23. Weigh envelopes containing statements to determine correct postage and affix postage, using stamps or metering equipment.

    Human workimportance 4.2/5
  24. Load machines with statements, cancelled checks, or envelopes to prepare statements for distribution to customers or stuff envelopes by hand.

    Human workimportance 4.0/5
  25. Review compiled data on operating costs and revenues to set rates.

    Human workimportance 3.6/5
  26. Monitor equipment to ensure proper operation.

    Human workimportance 3.5/5
  27. Fix minor problems, such as equipment jams, and notify repair personnel of major equipment problems.

    Human workimportance 3.4/5
  28. Perform general administrative tasks, such as answering telephones, scheduling appointments, and ordering supplies or equipment.

    Human work

Where a project with Alex usually starts for this role

These are the highest-importance tasks in this role that a language model can already handle directly. In a typical engagement the first wins come from building workflows around these, so they stop eating your team's time.

  1. Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors.

    O*NET importance 4.9/5 · labelled directly AI-automatable

  2. Resolve discrepancies in accounting records.

    O*NET importance 4.6/5 · labelled directly AI-automatable

  3. Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered.

    O*NET importance 4.6/5 · labelled directly AI-automatable

Every role has three or four wedges like these. Finding them takes an hour. Turning them into a workflow your team actually uses takes a few days. Talk to Alex about a project →

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Methodology

This role's exposure score comes from Eloundou et al's 2023 GPT task labels, aggregated by O*NET importance within each O*NET-SOC code, then bridged to UK SOC 2020 via ISCO-08 (ONS Vol 2 coding index) and US SOC 2010 (BLS crosswalk). Employment and median pay come from ONS ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional. ASHE covers employees only, so self-employed workers are not counted.

Methodology · Sources (PDF) · About · Built 23 April 2026

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