Refuse and salvage occupations

SOC 2020 code 9225

Refuse and salvage collectors supervise and undertake the collection and processing of refuse from household, commercial and industrial premises.

Employees (UK)
22k
Median annual pay
£27,576
Exposure score ?
1.5/10 Minimal 2.1/10 Low strict reading · with tools is 2.1/10 with-tools reading · strict is 1.5/10
Wage exposure
£91m £127m

Higher exposure than 71% of the 379 UK occupations we scored.

Reading the score as:
What an LLM can do unaided. LLM plus workflow tools — closer to 2026.

What this score means

Most of this role's work is still genuinely hard for AI to do. Physical presence, bodily skill, high-context judgment, direct human care - the things that don't translate to text.

If you're in this role, here's what to do now

You're not in the firing line today. But the frontier moves. Build enough AI fluency now that you can direct it for the parts of your work that could benefit. People in unexposed roles who understand AI become unusually valuable inside their organisations.

A handful of tasks in this role are touchable by AI, mostly around paperwork, scheduling and basic writing. The shape of the role stays the same - some parts just get faster.

If you're in this role, here's what to do now

Pick the two or three most repetitive things in your week and try an LLM on them. Most people underestimate what Claude or ChatGPT can already do for admin-shaped work. The time you get back is the dividend.

Where a project with Alex usually starts for this role

This role's strict reading is low because its top tasks are judgment, not drafting. The three highest-stakes tasks below are still usually where we start — flip the toggle to 'With tools' to see what AI plus the right context can compress.

  1. Inspect trucks prior to beginning routes to ensure safe operating condition.

    O*NET importance 4.5/5 · still needs a human under the strict reading

  2. Drive trucks, following established routes, through residential streets or alleys or through business or industrial areas.

    O*NET importance 4.3/5 · still needs a human under the strict reading

  3. Refuel trucks or add other fluids, such as oil or brake fluid.

    O*NET importance 4.3/5 · still needs a human under the strict reading

These are the highest-importance tasks AI can already handle when paired with the right tools and context. In a typical engagement the first wins come from building workflows around these — usually the difference between an LLM that can technically do the job and one that actually does it inside your business.

  1. Fill out defective equipment reports.

    O*NET importance 4.3/5 · AI can do this with workflow tools

  2. Communicate with dispatchers concerning delays, unsafe sites, accidents, equipment breakdowns, or other maintenance problems.

    O*NET importance 4.0/5 · AI can do this with workflow tools

  3. Organize schedules for refuse collection.

    O*NET importance 3.3/5 · AI can do this with workflow tools

Every role has three or four wedges like these. Finding them takes an hour. Turning them into a workflow your team actually uses takes a few days. Talk to Alex about a project →

The full task breakdown

Every O*NET task for this occupation, split by what AI can already do unaided versus what still needs a human. Importance is O*NET's 1–5 rating of how central each task is to the role.

What AI can already do

2 of 14 tasks · unaided

  1. Fill out defective equipment reports.

    importance 4.3/5

  2. Communicate with dispatchers concerning delays, unsafe sites, accidents, equipment breakdowns, or other maintenance problems.

    importance 4.0/5

Where humans still hold the line

12 of 14 tasks

  1. Inspect trucks prior to beginning routes to ensure safe operating condition.

    importance 4.5/5

  2. Drive trucks, following established routes, through residential streets or alleys or through business or industrial areas.

    importance 4.3/5

  3. Refuel trucks or add other fluids, such as oil or brake fluid.

    importance 4.3/5

  4. Dump refuse or recyclable materials at disposal sites.

    importance 4.3/5

  5. Operate automated or semi-automated hoisting devices that raise refuse bins and dump contents into openings in truck bodies.

    importance 4.0/5

  6. Dismount garbage trucks to collect garbage and remount trucks to ride to the next collection point.

    importance 4.0/5

  7. Operate equipment that compresses collected refuse.

    importance 4.0/5

  8. Check road or weather conditions to determine how routes will be affected.

    importance 3.8/5

  9. Tag garbage or recycling containers to inform customers of problems, such as excess garbage or inclusion of items that are not permitted.

    importance 3.8/5

  10. Clean trucks or compactor bodies after routes have been completed.

    importance 3.6/5

  11. Make special pickups of recyclable materials, such as food scraps, used oil, discarded computers, or other electronic items.

    importance 3.4/5

  12. Organize schedules for refuse collection.

    importance 3.3/5

What AI can already do

3 of 14 tasks · with tools

  1. Fill out defective equipment reports.

    importance 4.3/5

  2. Communicate with dispatchers concerning delays, unsafe sites, accidents, equipment breakdowns, or other maintenance problems.

    importance 4.0/5

  3. Organize schedules for refuse collection.

    importance 3.3/5

Where humans still hold the line

11 of 14 tasks

  1. Inspect trucks prior to beginning routes to ensure safe operating condition.

    importance 4.5/5

  2. Drive trucks, following established routes, through residential streets or alleys or through business or industrial areas.

    importance 4.3/5

  3. Refuel trucks or add other fluids, such as oil or brake fluid.

    importance 4.3/5

  4. Dump refuse or recyclable materials at disposal sites.

    importance 4.3/5

  5. Operate automated or semi-automated hoisting devices that raise refuse bins and dump contents into openings in truck bodies.

    importance 4.0/5

  6. Dismount garbage trucks to collect garbage and remount trucks to ride to the next collection point.

    importance 4.0/5

  7. Operate equipment that compresses collected refuse.

    importance 4.0/5

  8. Check road or weather conditions to determine how routes will be affected.

    importance 3.8/5

  9. Tag garbage or recycling containers to inform customers of problems, such as excess garbage or inclusion of items that are not permitted.

    importance 3.8/5

  10. Clean trucks or compactor bodies after routes have been completed.

    importance 3.6/5

  11. Make special pickups of recyclable materials, such as food scraps, used oil, discarded computers, or other electronic items.

    importance 3.4/5

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Methodology

This role's exposure score comes from Eloundou et al's 2023 GPT task labels, aggregated by O*NET importance within each O*NET-SOC code, then bridged to UK SOC 2020 via ISCO-08 (ONS Vol 2 coding index) and US SOC 2010 (BLS crosswalk). Employment and median pay come from ONS ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional. ASHE covers employees only, so self-employed workers are not counted.

Methodology · Sources (PDF) · About · Built 29 April 2026

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