Elementary construction occupations n.e.c.

SOC 2020 code 9129

Job holders in this unit group perform a variety of general labouring and construction duties to assist building, civil engineering and related trades workers in the performance of their tasks not elsewhere classified in minor group 912: Elementary construction occupations.

Employees (UK)
45k
Median annual pay
£26,723
Exposure score ?
0.1/10 Minimal 0.2/10 Minimal strict reading · with tools is 0.2/10 with-tools reading · strict is 0.1/10
Wage exposure
£12m £24m

Higher exposure than 12% of the 379 UK occupations we scored.

Reading the score as:
What an LLM can do unaided. LLM plus workflow tools — closer to 2026.

What this score means

Most of this role's work is still genuinely hard for AI to do. Physical presence, bodily skill, high-context judgment, direct human care - the things that don't translate to text.

If you're in this role, here's what to do now

You're not in the firing line today. But the frontier moves. Build enough AI fluency now that you can direct it for the parts of your work that could benefit. People in unexposed roles who understand AI become unusually valuable inside their organisations.

Most of this role's work is still genuinely hard for AI to do. Physical presence, bodily skill, high-context judgment, direct human care - the things that don't translate to text.

If you're in this role, here's what to do now

You're not in the firing line today. But the frontier moves. Build enough AI fluency now that you can direct it for the parts of your work that could benefit. People in unexposed roles who understand AI become unusually valuable inside their organisations.

Where a project with Alex usually starts for this role

This role's strict reading is low because its top tasks are judgment, not drafting. The three highest-stakes tasks below are still usually where we start — flip the toggle to 'With tools' to see what AI plus the right context can compress.

  1. Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

    O*NET importance 4.3/5 · still needs a human under the strict reading

  2. Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

    O*NET importance 4.2/5 · still needs a human under the strict reading

  3. Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

    O*NET importance 4.2/5 · still needs a human under the strict reading

Most roles have at least three wedges where AI plus the right tools removes real time. For this role the labelling doesn't surface obvious ones, so we'd start with the highest-stakes tasks below and figure out the AI angle in conversation.

  1. Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

    O*NET importance 4.3/5 · genuinely human work

  2. Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

    O*NET importance 4.2/5 · genuinely human work

  3. Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

    O*NET importance 4.2/5 · genuinely human work

Every role has three or four wedges like these. Finding them takes an hour. Turning them into a workflow your team actually uses takes a few days. Talk to Alex about a project →

The full task breakdown

Every O*NET task for this occupation, split by what AI can already do unaided versus what still needs a human. Importance is O*NET's 1–5 rating of how central each task is to the role.

What AI can already do

0 of 27 tasks · unaided

No tasks here are labelled as something an LLM can do unaided. Switch to 'With tools' above to see what changes when AI is paired with the right context.

Where humans still hold the line

27 of 27 tasks

  1. Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

    importance 4.3/5

  2. Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

    importance 4.2/5

  3. Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

    importance 4.2/5

  4. Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

    importance 4.0/5

  5. Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.

    importance 4.0/5

  6. Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.

    importance 4.0/5

  7. Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.

    importance 3.9/5

  8. Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.

    importance 3.9/5

  9. Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.

    importance 3.9/5

  10. Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.

    importance 3.9/5

  11. Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

    importance 3.9/5

  12. Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.

    importance 3.9/5

  13. Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

    importance 3.9/5

  14. Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.

    importance 3.9/5

  15. Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.

    importance 3.8/5

  16. Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.

    importance 3.7/5

  17. Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.

    importance 3.5/5

  18. Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.

    importance 3.5/5

  19. Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

    importance 3.4/5

  20. Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.

    importance 3.3/5

  21. Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.

    importance 3.2/5

  22. Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.

    importance 3.2/5

  23. Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.

    importance 3.0/5

  24. Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

    importance 3.0/5

  25. Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.

    importance 3.0/5

  26. Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.

    importance 2.8/5

  27. Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.

    importance 2.7/5

What AI can already do

2 of 27 tasks · with tools

  1. Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.

    importance 3.9/5

  2. Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

    importance 3.9/5

Where humans still hold the line

25 of 27 tasks

  1. Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

    importance 4.3/5

  2. Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

    importance 4.2/5

  3. Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

    importance 4.2/5

  4. Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

    importance 4.0/5

  5. Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.

    importance 4.0/5

  6. Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.

    importance 4.0/5

  7. Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.

    importance 3.9/5

  8. Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.

    importance 3.9/5

  9. Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.

    importance 3.9/5

  10. Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.

    importance 3.9/5

  11. Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

    importance 3.9/5

  12. Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.

    importance 3.9/5

  13. Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.

    importance 3.8/5

  14. Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.

    importance 3.7/5

  15. Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.

    importance 3.5/5

  16. Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.

    importance 3.5/5

  17. Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

    importance 3.4/5

  18. Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.

    importance 3.3/5

  19. Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.

    importance 3.2/5

  20. Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.

    importance 3.2/5

  21. Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.

    importance 3.0/5

  22. Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

    importance 3.0/5

  23. Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.

    importance 3.0/5

  24. Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.

    importance 2.8/5

  25. Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.

    importance 2.7/5

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Methodology

This role's exposure score comes from Eloundou et al's 2023 GPT task labels, aggregated by O*NET importance within each O*NET-SOC code, then bridged to UK SOC 2020 via ISCO-08 (ONS Vol 2 coding index) and US SOC 2010 (BLS crosswalk). Employment and median pay come from ONS ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional. ASHE covers employees only, so self-employed workers are not counted.

Methodology · Sources (PDF) · About · Built 29 April 2026

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